작성자 Krystyna 댓글 0건 조회 3회 작성일 26-01-27 02:03

Tooth movement is an intricate physiological response that occurs when consistent, gentle pressure is maintained across weeks and months. This principle forms the foundation of orthodontic treatments like fixed appliances and removable trays.

The science behind it involves the dynamic interaction between dental structures, alveolar bone, and periodontal ligaments in the jaw.

Teeth are not permanently attached to the alveolar ridge. Instead, they are held in place by the fibrous connective tissue network, a network of fibers that links the dentin to the bone wall. When force is applied—whether through brackets and wires—the periodontal ligament responds by remodeling. On the side of the tooth where pressure is applied, the bone begins to break down in a process called osteoclastic activity. Specialized cells called catabolic osteocytes break down mineralized matrix to facilitate tooth migration.

On the opposite side, where tension is created as the tooth shifts, 表参道 歯科矯正 new bone is formed. This is done by cells called anabolic osteocytes, which build new bone to rebuild the vacated area. This continuous cycle of resorption and ossification allows teeth to gradually reposition themselves.

The rate of movement is scientifically regulated because excessive force risks root resorption or tissue necrosis. Orthodontists design treatment plans with targeted magnitudes of pressure that are sufficient to trigger cellular activity but too intense to risk injury. Typically, teeth move about one millimeter per month though this can vary depending on age, overall health, and individual biology.

Blood flow and cellular activity in the periodontal ligament serve key functions in this process. When force is applied, biochemical signals are released that trigger the recruitment of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. These signals include cytokines and growth factors that orchestrate skeletal remodeling, ensuring the movement is biologically efficient and non-damaging.

Additionally, the surrounding gum tissue remodels around the relocated dentition to support the tooth in its new location. This adaptation is the reason post-treatment retention is necessary—to maintain positional integrity while the bone and gums achieve permanent adaptation.

Understanding this science helps explain why orthodontic treatment requires months to years. It is far beyond superficial alignment—it is a dynamic biological phenomenon that relies on biological harmony. The body’s ability to remodel bone and tissue makes it possible to correct misalignments, enhance masticatory efficiency, and enhance overall oral health, making orthodontics a blend of precision and biology.